Evaluation Questions

In what ways does your media product use, develop or challenge forms and conventions of real media products?

Shots where we STAYED with the conventions of a Singer Songwriter music video.

ONE - The close up of the artist playing the musical instrument is an important element in every singer songwriter music video, this shot is essential as it emphasises the talent that the artist has, and shows the audience that the artist can actually play the instrument, (or in some cases, creates the illusion that they can do so). We chose to film 3 different close ups of the artist playing, the close up of strumming the strings in time to the beat, the chords changing, and the guitar as a whole; although in our final product we only used this shot. The close up of the guitar strumming is very important that it is synchronised with the rhythm of the music video to make it look more authentic.This is a close up from Joshua Radin's music video 'I missed you' showing a close up of the artist strumming, Joshua Radin is another Singer Songwriter. The element of including the shot of him performing on the guitar emphasises his musical knowledge and skills that allow him to play instruments; in this specific shot of Joshua Radin he is playing an electric guitar, in contrast of the acoustic video which we used for our music video.Using an electric guitar in this music video shows the more developed side of him as an artist, as in context for his music video the performance links to him performing in front of a crowd. This has a large contrast to ours in context that our artist is a 'free performer' and using an acoustic guitar allows him to perform wherever he wants to. I chose these two frames as the lighting and composition of the two frames are similar, and the main content of the shot with the guitar facing the right, a close up of the artist playing. Joshua Radin and his music videos became a big influence in the production of our music video, as he is what our artist inspires to be, when creating Lewis Mokler as an artist we decided that he would be coming out into his career just starting in the music industry; Joshua Radin has developed from there and is now established, therefore the link created by the two frames shows how we stayed with the convention within the music video and the genre of singer songwriter, emphasising the influence of his music onto ours.

Joshua Radin - I missed you

TWO - This idea for the notepad and writing the lyrics came from Ed Sheeran's music video 'Lego House', when I watched the video this particular shot stood out for me as it creates the idea of a flashback to the artist writing the song, emphasising that the artist was the composer and writer of the song. We used this shot to emphasise the lyrics in the song, 'lets not pretend', by doing this the audience then pay more attention to the lyrics themselves and the meaning and connection between lyrics and music video. Using Goodwins theory of lyrics we decided that using the idea of illustration was a good way of showing our understanding of the music industry and the conventions of music videos; use of illustration and amplification are commonly found in music videos. This shot is within the usual convention as it shows how the artist is involved with the music, instead of just performing it; an example shot taken from Ed Sheeran Lego House shows the correlation between the videos.
The lyrics which were emphasised in our music video through this shot were 'always then I call you my lady friend, lets not rush and lets not pretend' the word 'pretend' was edited so that it was underlined in synchronisation with the song. In comparison, in the Ed Sheeran video, the lyrics illustrated are not actually correct with the tempo and section of the song. The artist sings 'Im out of luck, I'll pick you up when your getting down' whist the frame illustrates and amplify the lyrics 'and its dark in a cold December, I'm out of touch'. The context of showing the lyrics out of synchronisation with the music is to show that the artist in the music video does know the lyrics, and it again creates the idea of a flashback and watching the artist write the lyrics; therefore we stayed with this convention. Comparing the two frames I think that the two shots suit the rest of the music video well, they use Goodwin's theory to emphasise lyrics and music and they fit the context and genre relevantly. In my personal opinion I enjoy shots like this within a music video as it does add more to the narrative and allows the audience to have a deeper understanding of the music and the lyrics, which could possibly explain the meaning behind the lyrics in relevance to the artist.

Ed Sheeran - Lego House

Shots where we DEVELOPED the convention of a Singer Songwriter music video.

ONE - Whilst watching relative music videos to our genre, we came across a few videos which used the technique of split screen editing, my favourite example of this is shown below in the clip from 'Hey there Delilah' by the Plain White T's, another singer songwriter indie band. In their music video they divide the screen into three segments, the left showing the artist performing and singing the song, whilst the two on the right show elements of the narrative, therefore the split screen portrays the two main conventions of the music video combined at the same time. In the music video compared, the split screen effect is used throughout and there is no examples of one frame taking the whole of the screen; we chose to only use the split screen effect once, therefore making the shot a memorable part of the music video;  this is how we developed the convention. In the composition of this shot we decided that having the bottom half sectioned off from the top 3 would create a bold statement as the majority of split screens are vertical. Developing on further, within the top section of the screen we decided that a division of 3 different shots would look effective as it looks evenly distributed along the screen and sticks to the well known theory of the 'rule of three'. To assure that all 4 of the shots were watched and payed attention to we decided that the timing of the shots should be in a cannon, therefore a gradual buildup to create the frame of the 'split screen'. We followed the convention of performance and narrative elements involved within our music video, so in the split screen we took the opportunity to show both elements together, creating a combination of the 'cheeky chappy' that the artist is presented as in the 'blooper' style shot with the contrasting image of the passionate performer.  Another element of the convention that we developed from this shot was the use of editing, it is important to notice the contrast of the editing in the two segments of the screen shot from the Plain White T's music video, the left of the artist is in black and white, using low key dark lighting and high contrast, this is very different to the left which emphasises the oceanic colours, using filters, high key high contrasting colours to create diversity from the shots. We decided to develop this convention by not actually applying any editing to our shots, we are a less main stream artist in comparison to the band as a product, Lewis Mokler is less advanced in his career and represents a different image, therefore we decided that applying no editing to the shots would stick to our convention of being authentic and someone that the audience can relate to. When comparing the two frames, I think there is a clear contrast shown, and it manages to emphasise the development that we have applied in context to the music video and effect used.

Plain White T's - Hey there Delilah

TWO - For our second shot where we developed a scene was the idea of development in the camera, through editing we created the illusion that the artist was coming closer and closer to the camera, we first saw this shot whilst watching the Joshua Radin song I'd Rather be with you, in this they use this effect of editing to shorten the space of time for the two shots, they condensed the shot from what would have been a long 'boring' shot of the actor walking, instead they have used a jump cut to show one position to the other. We have therefore developed this shot, we used 6 jump cuts  varying position of the artist in relation to the centre of the shot, each different frame consisted of the artist leaning against a side of the alleyway whilst playing the guitar and gradually coming closer to the camera; we did this as we felt is created a contrast from the rest of the video and created a 'light hearted' upbeat mood which suited the type and tempo of the song. We have developed this shot by multiplying it into 6 shots, showing the development of the jump cuts, and also by using the artist and performance element of the music video in the shot instead of the narrative. When considering the composition of the frame from the Joshua Radin, another way in which we have developed the shot is through lighting and costume; we chose to film the shot during a damp day, therefore no rain could 'damage' the shot although it showed the typical Autumn English day, we didn't want to loose the authenticity of Britain and its weather. Lewis Mokler being a proud musician we felt this type of weather condition would be suitably fitted in his music video; we used natural daylight for the lighting in this frame as we wanted to emphasise the 'realness' of the video, being a break through singer songwriter artist he is not yet established in the music industry, therefore a music video with a lot of artificial lighting and editing would be out of genre and a convention that was not required for our aim; therefore we have developed the conventions of the frame shown in the Joshua Radin music video, we developed the context and composition of the shot into an effective video slot which would suit our genre.

 Joshua Radin - Rather be with You

Shots where we CHALLENGED with the conventions of a Singer Songwriter music video.

ONE -  A convention which we consistently challenged throughout our music video, digipak and advert was the presentation and the 'star image' according to Richard Dyer of our artist. The normal conventions of a singer songwriter is the emotional and consuming artist, the image is very original, trying to avoid the main fashion and styles that are popular; within the singer songwriter genre we decided that our artist had to be original and challenge this convention. We portrayed Lewis Mokler as a 'cheeky chappy', in almost all shots he is smiling and joking about, the video is very upbeat and positive and uses a variety of 'blooper' style shots to show his comedy style, immediately diverting him from the normal conventions of a singer songwriter. Challenging this convention gave Lewis Mokler a unique selling point, this would make our artist stand out from his genre and therefore potentially become more and more popular for his originality and refreshing image. When comparing the two frames I think that they clearly show the diverse difference, our frame represents his playful side, emphasising the fun illustrated in our music video, in contrast the image is from James Blunt's music video You're Beautiful, this video clearly depicts the usual conventions of a singer songwriter; the music video has a sad tone and throughout the whole video the artist represents the emotional artist. In conclusion, we have successfully managed to challenge the convention of genre successfully throughout our products.James Blunt - You're Beautiful

TWO - Our last convention that we challenged throughout our music video was the use of the shot below, consisting on a close up of postman Pat's face, this frame was taken purely for emphasis and distraction from the music video. Often, when watching a music video, the audience can become bored or simply loose attention towards watching the music video because it is too similar or has no drastic changes, especially in a singer songwriter or indie song; these are common in these genres of music as the music or the tone of the video can become predictable or simply lack bold shots. To avoid falling into this trap, we decided to challenge this convention of 'typical' safe style music video and take ideas from others; when researching we came across the music video of 'Nine in the afternoon' by Panic at the Disco, this is an alternative rock band. When watching their music video it was clear that it was original, they worked with the uptempo and strong beat to drive their music video forward, avoiding the 'lul' that is sometimes found within our genre. We took the idea from this music video and tried to incorporate it within ours, we managed to challenge this convention as we focused on placing one irrelevant shot within our music video, the specific placement of the frame in context with the narrative was during an intimate moment that the couple share, by placing the shot of Postman Pat here the audience is drawn away from the 'emotional' side of the music, and is almost forced to consider what they see. I feel that this frame worked incredibly well in context to our music video as a product; as mentioned earlier we aimed to portray our artist as a 'cheeky chappy' and down to earth, therefor including a shot like this can be used to emphasise his personality and involvement in the music video; I feel that this emphasises the presence of the artist as a person as well as a musician. I believe that this frame works well to challenge our convention as it aims what we wanted to do, by drawing away from the emotional side of our genre, we managed to place a shot which actually makes people laugh, the unexpected shot triggers an alert from the audience and makes their attention immediately return to the music video, therefore capturing its audience and gaining more involvement from the audience and the artist. I feel we have successfully challenged this convention, and it works well within our music video.

Panic at the Disco - Nine in the Afternoon

2. How effective is the combination of your main product and ancillary texts?

For this evaluation question we planned our answer, and filmed a group discussion of our answer to this question, we decided that by recording our verbal analysis and adding the relevant photos of video clips to the track would be a creative way of presenting our answer

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3. What have you learned from your audience feedback?

For this question, in preparation we created 4 suitable questions to ask a mass audience; we wrote 4 questions being 1 -  'What stands out to you in our music video (is it effective?)' 2 - 'Do you have any criticisms of our video? 3 - 'Does the video go along with the genre of singer/song - writer' and 4 - 'How authentic is our video? Explain your answer'. These questions were written so that a mass audience, varied with different elements of media knowledge, could supply  us with authentic audience feedback. We showed our music video in an assembly in front of roughly 160 people aged between 15 and 19. This video has been annotated with different answers of our audience feedback, the green is positive points, the red is negative points and the pink is 'improvements'. The audience feedback which we collected has been proven very useful for us, as we were able to apply audience members opinions to our work, and manage to evaluate our work with the influence of others opinions. I enjoyed completing this question as I managed to analyse our video, and appreciate that the hard work we spent planning, researching, creating and editing this music video; therefore I feel happy with our work and the audience feedback that we recieved.

4. How did you use media technologies in the construction and research, planning and evaluation stages?

Technology we used for our coursework on Prezi

Final Music Video

This is the final version of our music video, it also has annotations of our evaluation question 3 on it.

DigiPack photos and Editing.

Finished Advert

Group Progress

We have now edited all of our digipak photos and placed them onto our blog; we have started editing and creating our music advert selling our digipak and artist; with this we have used our original edited photo of the artist with the nutella on his head, removing any colour other than the red.

We are now working on our evaluation questions, in today's lesson we filmed our verbal evaluation of 'How effective is the cobination of your media product and ancillary texts?' I feel that it went very well, it has now been uploaded to youtube and I intend to add relevant photos to the text.

Media Questionnaire

• For our music video we have planned to film in Cambridge as it is a beautiful city full od people and unique locations to film in. Do you think this type of location would be suitable for a music video of a singer songwriter, similar to Ed sheeran or James Morrison.

Yes
yes
yes

•  Our artist would seem to wear the 'indie' style clothing, he isnt within the indie genre, but find it suitable as it is the element of fashion, and we believe our artist should wear clothing linked to fashion. We planned jeans, converse/used trainers, fleece and scarf , what is your opinion on that?

Maybe a blazer and a trilby hat too?
looking messy
nothing

•    The narrative of our music video consists of the relationship between the artist and a girl, it shows segments of their meeting, a flash back of their time together and then returns to the beginning shots of them meeting; what do you think of this idea?

typical, but proven to be popular

it depends on the song

its a good idea because it will reflect most relationships

•   Is it too cliche for a music video?

depends no the different peoples opinions
a bit

it is similar to other music videos but it doesnt really matter because it is what people like to see and it also depends on the song lyrics.

•     Do you have any suggestions?

not really
be original with diffrernt ideas
no

•     We decided that our artist should be playing the guitar whilst he is singing in the music video, do you as an audience member prefer to see the artist performing the music and instruments or just the narriative.

with the guitar, so long as it is in sync with the music and looks real.

the artist performing at gigs etc, not just random

 I prefer to see the artist performing it shows that they are actually talented and shows their ability.

•  When looking through my blog so far, what do you think? Have you got any feedback for me to improve upon?

 I like the layout and the colours, and the arrangement of the pictures
very good!!
The use of technology to portray the different texts and images are very good.

•   Once listened to the song 'Nutella' what opinion have you created of it? Could you listen to it again, would you spend money buying it?

 Yes
Yes, he's a bit like Ed Sheeran
I have already got it after hearing it.

•   Looking at the content of shots we plan to put within our music video, do you think this will be managable? Will it work?

Yes, so long as it is really well planned.
Yes
They have good variety and change, it will look good.

•     Lastly, what is your favourite music video?

Lady GaGa's Videos
All of lady gaga's videos. she's sexy.
Ed Sheeran, Lego House.

    

 

Music Advert Analysis

In our last class lesson we got into our coursework groups and found a magazin advert similar to our artist; we used Tom Waits, this is the photo of our analysis of advert, so we know what similar conventions and elements we need to include within our Artist's magazine advert. Very important elements of the magazine advert that we could include, such as;

• voucher / discounts so the audience know where to purcahse the digipack from
• reviews and comments from music reviews and newspapers
• Quotes from the reviews
• star ratings on the album
• mentioning any awards or title given to the artist
• photos
• additional bonus features

Digipack Photos

Today Luke and I went out to take some shots for our digipak, through research and planning, we decided that a lot of face on shots, looking directly at the camera will be effective. Whilst taking the photos, we decided that sticking to the theme in our music video of 'cheeky chappy' we wanted to take some humour photos which presented this area of the artists character. We feel it is important that the artist is reliable in every product and that the audience can see clear links between all 3 of our products. These are the photos we took today.

In my opinion, I found this photography session useful, although I only intend to use one of the photos. The majority of the photos are not what I think would be suitable for our music video or digipak, although from this photography session we were able to practise using the camera effectivley and realise potential problems now. From this we learnt it is very important to get the right camera angles used to show a 'flattering' side of the artist, similarly that when using any form of lighting, you have to preplan to avoid getting shadows in the photo, as seen above.

Rough Cut Music Video

This is the first rough cut of our music video, the shots are complete, although the editing and transitions have not been added yet.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI-JsKs1b_k

Planning Progress

So far our media work has been progressing quickly, yesterday night we finished our first complete draft of our music video, and we are currently exporting it to youtube to try and get some music video views and any potential audience feedback.

As a group, we spent wednesday and thursday together completing last minute filming and slotting shots together to complete the music video. After that, Luke and I spent further time completing the video completely and adding some transitions, although more need to be added.

To the left is a photo of a plan we made in class of our to do list, this consists of:

• digipack planning, thinking of different shots and elements we want to involve within our artist and the appearance as a package.
• Uploading the music video to youtube, to gain audience feedback.
• Plan ideas for the advertisment, research and analaysis and different elements to involve within our music genre of singer songwriter.
• Think of different questions we can ask audience members when they watch our music video to gain audience feedback; similarly thinking of other ways that we can gain qualitative and quantitative data.

Progress Report - final

Today we went out as a group and filmed the last group of shots and footage; we managed to film everything successfully and enjoyed our last filming session, in this filming session Luke and I developed some ideas whilst out and added them to our video, these will work effectivley together to create our music video. Now we will spend the majority of our time editing the clips and creating an overall product of the music video. I am very pleased with how we have progressed over the last few weeks and look forward to seeing our final product.

Progress Report - 2

Today we went out into Newport and filmed some footage for our music video or performance and narrative, both actors were present alongside all group members. The filming session was successfull and the risk assestment proved successfull as no problems occured. We filmed approximatley 45% of our overall footage today which was a success, we shall now start editing the clips together to build a rough cut of the music video.

Digipak Research

Whilst I have been researching different styles of digipak and album covers from artist within the singer songwriter and indie music genre. Using google allowed me to see a range of different covers and I came accross Joshua Radin's album cover, and I thought it would be perfectly suited for our artist; well something similar.

Another artist exremely similar to our artist is Ed Sheeran, we have researched him throughout the whole of our course and have found him as an artist a great influence upon our work. The idea of hidden artist and old fashioned shows that he differs from the ordinary, but the idea of fashion and genre makes him flow within the mainstream of music. These contexts work well together for our artist.


Another element of our digipak which is important to consider is 'who' the artist is signed to, who they represent and what comes with it; deciding the record label has a great influence upon the sucess of the artist, and we have to consider these things whilst planning out music video suitably. For our artist we have decided to use the record labels:

• CUSTARD records -  Custard Records is an American record label, best known for its success with English singer-songwriter and Number 1 recording artist James Blunt. The label is run by former 4 Non Blondes member Linda Perry and has a partnership with Warner Music Group's Atlantic Records division.
• Atlantic Records - is an American record label best known for its many recordings of rhythm and blues, rock and roll, and jazz.[1] Over its first 20 years of operation Atlantic earned a reputation as one of the most important American independent recording labels, specializing in jazz, R&B and soul recordings by African-American artists, a position greatly enhanced by its distribution deal with Stax Records.

These two record labels would be good labels for our artist to be signed with, as these two companies are not the biggest and are not involved in mainstream, they are used in the transition from upcoming artist to mass audience, which is what our artist aims to do. Using these two record labels is exactly what out artist needs, and we will place their logos on our digipaks.

Possible shots to add

Looking through the content of our shots Luke and I decided that it would be good to look at other music videos for influence and ideas of creative shots we could use... Looking at the videos we decided that some of the shots would look really realistic within our video. Ed Sheeran - Lego house used shots of the lyrics being written which we found suitable, using the idea of 'singer songwriter' within the music video. Lower angles are used to show contrast from the clarity showin in medium shots of the face; and the content showing the artist collaborating with the instrument and not playing it creates a barrier between musician and artist. These shots will work really well within our music video.

Another Artist we looked at was Joshua Radin in his music video I missed you, the first shot of the artist walking along holding the instrument out of the centre within the shot takes away the attention of the artist and shows the overall impact which we liked. Similarly the shots of the name engraved onto the guitar and the words being placed out looked really effective with the lyrical emphasis. We have chosen certain parts within our music video to include this and plan to film them today and tomorow.

Precise Timings for filming

Public Liability Insurance

Within our permission to film within the Grafton Centre in Cambridge we needed to provide proof of Public Liability insurance; these are the photos of the letter recieved and what was sent to the Manager of the Grafton Centre.

Progress Report - 30th October

We have started to record footage, today the two actors came to my house and I filmed them, the other two members of my group were unable to make the filming session, yet all footage was taken succcessfully. I managed to get all footage that we planned for, and took some practise shots before hand; this means that the 'flashback' section of our narrative in our music video is completely filmed and we can start editing it. We plan to film the rest at the beginning of next week.

Similar Products

 Ed Sheeran

When considering some similar products to our artist, some clear similarities would be Ed sheeran, a young and new 'face' into the music world. He released his first public single early this year, making him a 'new artist'; he became so popular that his single 'A team' was made the 'single of the year' and reached number 3 in the itunes charts the week it came out. Ed Sheeran Wikipedia. Ed Sheeran's music style and genre is closely related to our artist of Lewis Mokler, he has the overall image and idea of presence in the music industry that our artist is aiming for. When considering music, the style is very similar, both artists songs consist mainly of guitar as the instrument alongside the main singer; their careers are very similar, Ed Sheeran broke into the music industry through playing at small concerts and selling his own CD's, he developed a dedicated audience and when he was signed by a record label released his own single, from here his number of fans multiplexed as he had his original fans and his new audience members whilst released nationally. Ed Sheeran's music video for Lego House had a large influence upon our music video as we developed conventions and frames within his music video, therefore Ed Sheeran is considered a similar product.



Tracy Chapman
Tracy Chapman is another example of a 'similar product' to Lewis Mokler, as a musician she became known within the music industry by writing her own music and performing regularly, being a passion of hers, she was signed with Elektra records and released her album. Similar to Lewis Mokler she had a hit single 'Fast Car' which is written and performed with guitar and vocals, she is well known for her easy listening but passionate music, she transformed from a nieche audience to becoming well known world wide for her singer songwriter status. Her song which mostly links to Lewis Mokler as a similar product is Fast Car.




Joshua Radin
Joshua Radin is another similar product, although his career as an artist is different to Lewis Mokler, he broke into the music industry through film and television music, his compositions became well known, and therefore he falls into the genre of singer songwriter; Joshua Radin is now developed and known globally as a famous singer songwriter musician; as a product, Joshua Radin is one step ahead of Lewis Mokler in his music career as he is now considered by the mass audience and has crossed all types of media platforms. His music is incredibly similar to Lewis Mokler as he uses guitars and vocals, although his music videos and albums are more developed towards the mass audience. When we make our digipak we intend to use ideas from his albums, using themes and clothing styles to portray the artist as a developing musician.




Joe Brooks

Joe Brooks is another young singer songwriter from England, again similar to Lewis Mokler he toured the country, using youtube to publicise himself and gain a wider audience, when he was more developed he was signed by a record label and released his own composition of 'SuperMan', he toured at national festivals such as V festival, Glastonbury and Reading, developing himself as an artist to a variety of audiences. Joe is a similar product as his career and development in music is very similar to our artist of Lewis Mokler.



James Morrison

James Morrison is now very famous, his music and compositions are very similar to Lewis Mokler, he was signed by multiple record labels such as CUSTARD and ROCKET which are off branches of bigger music companies such as UNIVERSAL, these links allowed him to develop as an artist and join the 'mass audience', when we create our digipak we will use his albums as influence as he has developed into the artist that he wants to be, therefore James Morrison is considered a similar product and an artist which Lewis Mokler can take influence from.

Change of plan again...

Unfortunatley due to family poblems the 2 people who will be the artist and character are unable to film today, similarly dan has responded to me saying that he also can't make filming today. Unfortunatly due to these circumstances I have had to postpone the filming until sunday afternoon at approximatley 2pm. I am going away tomorow to Aldeburgh until sunday, as there is no telephone or internet signal I have aleady prearranged this meeting to film. I am emailing the Grafton centre to let them know that the changes have happened.

Digipack Conventions

When creating and producing a Digipack it is important to notice all elements involved within the production, the 2 main parts of the digipack are the front cover and the back cover. These are the first things that the audience member sees. Below are 3 front covers of albums, all male artists in the genre of singer songwriter and one back cover of a singer songwriter female artist.

The 3 covers have one main thing in common, the artist is clearly taking over the majority of the frame, making the artist itself clear and prominent being the first thing that is looked at. The font of the artists name and album name is placed together, the name of the artist above album name as the most important element of the album is 'who' is the artist. The font is clear, using creative stypes and colours to make the text look more interesting. Each artist has a different theme occuring in the cover, some effective use of editing is used to lower all colours except from red, repeat the layer of image of the artist in different locations and colours, and to blut out the background of the image, making the artist itself more prominent.

The back cover is equally as important as the front cover, this is used mainly for song titles nd any bonus features, this use of space is used to  draw attention to established songs and advertise any special features to persuade the audience to buy the album. For Adele's back cover, everything is in black and white except from the green to show the numbers and special features. The image of her face, showing a clear eye line towards the camera creates a link between the audience and the artist. At the bottom of the back cover is the barcode, allowing the audience to buy the album. The use of small print at the bottom of the back cover is to advertise any copyright laws and represent the music and record label, here there is legal details and any websites linking to more information of the artist. Finally it is important to notice the spine of the album, this is very simple, it uses the same font and colour scheme as the rest of the album and has a code at the bottom, for recognition of the product.

Ideas from this research which can be applied to our digipak planning are:

• colour schemes
• bar codes
• effective use of editing
• small print and legal jargon
• labels and logos of the record and music companies
• remember the spine!
• font and placement of the name of artist and album name.